Blockchain Basics, Use Cases & News

Crypto VC deployed $25B to $50B in 2025, mostly into infrastructure. Learn which firms back what, how funding stages work, and what makes a startup fundable now.

Buy bitcoin exposure through a brokerage account, no wallet needed. Compare spot and futures ETFs, see what IBIT, FBTC, and Grayscale charge, and how to buy one.

Consensus mechanisms decide which transactions count when no one is in charge. Compare PoW, PoS, DPoS, BFT and more on speed, energy use, and finality type.

One protocol controls roughly a third of all staked ETH. Learn how liquid staking concentrates validator power, how PoS compares to PoW, and what actually fixes it.

DeFi cover pays out when a protocol is exploited. Learn what it covers, what it excludes, what premiums actually cost, and how Nexus, Sherlock, and Neptune differ.

Banks offer FDIC insurance up to $250,000. Crypto exchanges offer none. Compare fees, custody, and services, and see when each one is the right place for funds.

AI tokens power marketplaces, data indexing, and prediction models. Compare five leading projects and see how SEC, MiCA, and FATF rules now apply to each of them.

Fidelity filed to put its Treasury fund on Ethereum, joining BlackRock and Franklin Templeton. Learn how tokenized Treasuries work and why collateral use matters.

Trustlessness, immutability, and decentralized consensus are the principles every chain claims. Learn what each one means and how to check if a project holds up.

Slashing penalizes validators for double-signing, not for going offline. Learn how Ethereum's correlation penalty works and what actually protects your stake.

Erigon runs an Ethereum archive node in ~2 TB against Geth's ~13 TB. Learn how it works, what Caplin adds, and whether it fits your node setup better than Geth.

Storage coins pay node operators to host your data instead of a cloud provider. Learn how Filecoin, Arweave, Storj, and Siacoin differ on cost, permanence, and use case.

Most crypto whitepapers are filler. Learn the 5-step screening method that takes 15 minutes, which tokenomics numbers matter, and the red flags that signal a scam.

Unit bias makes a $0.50 coin feel like a better buy than a fraction of Bitcoin. Learn how the whole-coin mindset distorts crypto decisions and how to price assets correctly.

Layer 0 builds chains, Layer 1 settles them, Layer 2 scales them, Layer 3 is where you use them. Learn what each layer does and how Bitcoin and Ethereum compare across all four.

MyGenesis Wallet is a retail digital asset app. Genesis Trading is an institutional OTC desk. Genesis Global Capital filed for bankruptcy in 2023. Learn how each one differs.

Polygon gas fees are paid in POL and cost a fraction of Ethereum mainnet. Learn how fees are calculated, what slow, standard, and fast tiers cost, and how to reduce what you pay.

Metcalfe's Law says network value grows with the square of its users. Learn how it applies to Bitcoin and Ethereum, where it breaks down, and how it compares to Reed's Law.

Crypto investing ranges from passive cap-weighted holding to 100x leverage. Learn how early-stage entry, trend-following, and passive strategies compare on risk and time horizon.

Wrapped Bitcoin lets you use BTC in DeFi — but custody model matters. Learn how WBTC, cbBTC, tBTC, sBTC, and FBTC differ on trust, chain coverage, and which fits your use case.

Sharding splits a blockchain into parallel lanes for higher throughput. Learn how adaptive, fixed, and Nightshade sharding work and how each compares to rollups and DAG chains.

Ashdraked means losing all your capital shorting a crypto asset that keeps rising. Learn where the term came from, how it differs from rekt, and why shorting Bitcoin is so risky.

Infinite mint attacks let exploiters create tokens out of thin air. Learn how unauthorized minting works, what happened to BNB Bridge and Stellar, and what actually prevents it.

Low Ethereum L1 fees aren't bearish — they're the strategy. Learn how EIP-1559, EIP-4844 blobs, and L2 rollups drive long-term ETH value.

Learn what block depth means on the blockchain, how it relates to transaction confirmations, and why deeper block depths provide greater security and consensus for cryptocurrency networks.

Solana base fees are 0.000005 SOL per signature — fractions of a cent at any price. Learn how priority fees work, when to use them, and what drives cost spikes on the network.

Arbitrum transfers cost $0.02–$0.06 in 2026 — up to 1,000x cheaper than mainnet. Learn how L2 fees are calculated, what drives cost spikes, and how to time transactions.

Testnet bugs cost nothing. Mainnet bugs can drain real funds permanently. Learn the key differences, which Ethereum testnets are active in 2026, and when to move to mainnet.

Goerli and Holesky are deprecated. Sepolia handles dApp development. Hoodi replaced Holesky for validator work. Learn what each testnet does and which one your project needs.

Not all crypto storage is equal. Learn how centralized exchanges, software wallets, hardware wallets, and multi-sig compare on theft risk, regulatory exposure, and best use case.

Kraken acquired NinjaTrader in May 2025 for $1.5 billion. Learn what each platform brings, how the FCM structure works, and what the combined platform offers traders today.

Native tokens pay gas fees, reward validators, and carry no issuer risk. Non-native tokens live in smart contracts and can span multiple chains. Here's how each one works.

93% of early GameFi projects failed. Learn how GameFi differs from DeFi, what GameFi 2.0 actually means, and how to evaluate whether a project is worth your time in 2026.

Every SLOAD opcode adds 2,100 gas to your transaction cost. Learn how storage load works in the EVM, why staking contracts cost more, and how to reduce what you pay.

BSC gas fees refer to the transaction fees required to process transactions on the Binance Smart Chain (BSC) network. Learn how to calculate, limit, track and more.

Warren Buffett called Bitcoin a mirage at $600. Jamie Dimon called it fraud at $4,000. Nouriel Roubini said its value was less than zero. Here's how wrong each one was.

Ethereum has shipped 22 hard forks since 2015. Learn what each one changed, why The DAO Fork split the chain, and how London, The Merge, and Dencun reshaped ETH for good.